Fibromyalgia

What is Fibromyalgia?

Fibromyalgia is a long-term condition that causes widespread pain, fatigue, and sensitivity to touch. It is recognised as a complex disorder of the nervous system, where the brain and spinal cord process pain signals differently. This can lead to amplified pain and heightened sensitivity, even in response to mild pressure or stimulation.

Globally, fibromyalgia is estimated to affect between 2–4% of the population, with women being more commonly diagnosed than men. In New Zealand, this translates to tens of thousands of people living with fibromyalgia, although many remain undiagnosed due to the complexity of the condition.

Symptoms of fibromyalgia vary in severity and may come and go over time. Alongside chronic pain, people often experience sleep problems, brain fog (sometimes called “fibro fog”), digestive issues, headaches, and mood disturbances. These symptoms can have a significant impact on daily life, work, and overall wellbeing.

Although fibromyalgia cannot be cured, treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. With the right support, including lifestyle strategies, medications, and complementary approaches, many people are able to reduce the burden of the condition and regain control of their health.

The exact cause of fibromyalgia is not fully understood, but research suggests it is linked to changes in how the central nervous system processes pain signals. Factors that may contribute include genetics, stress, trauma, infections, and hormonal influences.

Fibromyalgia often runs in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition. It is also more common in women, particularly between the ages of 20 and 50. While the condition can develop on its own, it is sometimes triggered after illness, physical injury, or significant emotional stress.

There is no single test for fibromyalgia. Diagnosis is usually based on a combination of symptoms, medical history, and a physical examination. Doctors may use blood tests or imaging to rule out other conditions with similar symptoms, such as thyroid disorders, autoimmune conditions, or arthritis.

In 2010, the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) updated its diagnostic criteria to focus on widespread pain and associated symptoms like fatigue and sleep problems, rather than relying only on tender point exams. In New Zealand, doctors use a similar clinical approach to confirm fibromyalgia and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

What are the main symptoms of fibromyalgia?

Fibromyalgia symptoms can be widespread and varied. The most common include:

• Persistent, widespread musculoskeletal pain

• Fatigue and unrefreshing sleep

• Cognitive difficulties (“fibro fog”), such as memory lapses and difficulty concentrating

• Headaches or migraines

• Digestive issues, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

• Heightened sensitivity to touch, light, or sound

• Mood changes, including anxiety or depression

Because symptoms overlap with other conditions, fibromyalgia can be difficult to diagnose.

Is fibromyalgia a lifelong condition?

Fibromyalgia is considered a chronic condition, but symptoms may fluctuate over time. With the right management strategies, many people are able to reduce symptom severity and improve their quality of life.

How do I know if my pain is fibromyalgia or something else?

Fibromyalgia pain is usually widespread, affecting multiple areas of the body rather than just one joint or muscle. It is often described as a constant dull ache that lasts for at least three months. Other symptoms such as fatigue, unrefreshing sleep, and brain fog often occur alongside the pain. Because fibromyalgia symptoms overlap with other conditions, it’s important to see a doctor for a proper assessment and diagnosis.

Can you live a normal life with fibromyalgia?

Yes. Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition, but with the right management strategies many people are able to control their symptoms and lead fulfilling lives. Treatment may not eliminate symptoms entirely, but combining medical care with lifestyle approaches often makes a significant difference. Support from healthcare professionals, family, and community can also improve wellbeing.

What the Research Shows

Research suggests that abnormalities in the nervous system, particularly in how pain is processed, are central to fibromyalgia. Functional MRI studies show increased pain sensitivity in people with the condition. Research continues into genetics, neurotransmitter function, and how stress and trauma may trigger fibromyalgia.

In recent years, there has been growing interest in the role of medicinal cannabis for fibromyalgia. The body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS) helps regulate pain, mood, and sleep — all of which are affected in fibromyalgia. Studies and patient surveys suggest that cannabis-based medicines may reduce pain intensity, improve sleep, and enhance quality of life for some patients.

Some observational studies have also reported that people with fibromyalgia using medicinal cannabis reduce their reliance on conventional pain medications, including opioids. However, while early findings are promising, more large-scale clinical trials are needed to establish safety, dosing, and long-term effectiveness.

At CannaPlus+, we offer consultations with doctors experienced in medicinal cannabis who can discuss whether this treatment may be appropriate as part of your care plan. Our evidence-informed approach ensures that medicinal cannabis, if suitable, is considered alongside other treatment options tailored to your needs.

Talk to CannaPlus+ today

At CannaPlus+, we’re committed to bringing the highest level of medical care to provide comprehensive treatment plans, with patient care at the centre of every action we take.

Medicinal Cannabis may be an alternative or adjunct medication for managing some ailments.

In the first instance, it’s important to research what the alternatives are and to talk to a health care professional.

How CannaPlus+ can help – if you would like to book a consultation with one of our Doctors to see if Medicinal Cannabis may be appropriate for you. Our dedicated team of doctors will see if you are eligible for a script and create your plan in based on your health goals. Click here to find out more and book a consultation.